bases de la typographie sur le web

1971

FTP File Transfer Protocol

File Transfer Protocol is created

First Email

First email sent on ARPANET: "QWERTYUIOP"

1989-1991

Foundation Web Technologies

HTML, HTTP and URL are invented

1991

First Web Page

First web page goes online

1992

20 websites world wide

1993

Mosaic Web Browser

First popular web browser is released

PHP

Creation of PHP, a language used to track visitors to personal homepage

PDF

Creation of PDF format

1994

Netscape Navigator

Launch of Netscape Navigator browser

1995

eBay

Launch of eBay e-commerce platform

Craigslist

Launch of Craigslist classifieds website

Wiki

Creation of Wiki CMS/software

MySQL

Release of MySQL database

DotCom Bubble Begins

Start of the DotCom bubble

Internet Explorer

Microsoft launches Internet Explorer

SSH

Secure Shell protocol for secure remote computer connection

1996

Flash

Macromedia launches Flash

Ask Jeeves

Launch of Ask Jeeves search engine

CSS Level 1

First CSS specification released

1997

Dreamweaver

Macromedia launches Dreamweaver

1998

Google

Launch of Google search engine

PayPal

Launch of PayPal payment system

CD Baby

Launch of CD Baby music distribution

CSS Level 2

Release of CSS Level 2 specification

Table-based Layout

Widespread adoption of table-based web layouts

1999

Nikon D1

First DSLR camera, featuring 2.1 Megapixels

Gandi

Launch of Gandi internet name registrar, focusing on free speech and internet rights

SVG Specification

W3C releases SVG specification

First set of Emojis

First set of 176 emojis released by Shigetaka Kurita for NTT DoCoMo

2000

DotCom Bubble Burst

The collapse of the DotCom bubble

CSS Media Queries

W3C drafts CSS media queries specification

@font-face

First draft of @font-face specification

Million Pixel Page

Created by Andreas Gysin and Sebastian Schmutzer

2001

Wikipedia

Launch of Wikipedia

Drupal CMS

Release of Drupal Content Management System

2003

SWF Custom Fonts

Custom font display in HTML via Flash embeds

WordPress

Matt Mullenweg launches WordPress

MySpace

Launch of MySpace social network

The Pirate Bay

Launch of decentralised structure for p2p sharing

Safari

Apple launches Safari web browser

Launch of LinkedIn professional network

2004

Markdown

John Gruber creates Markdown

Firefox

Mozilla Foundation launches Firefox browser

Facebook

Launch of Facebook social network

Flickr

Launch of Flickr photo sharing platform

Vimeo

Launch of Vimeo video platform

SIFR and Cúfon

Replace text with Flash content to insert custom typeface; slow and not dynamic at the beginning

2005

Adobe Flash

Flash becomes Adobe Flash

MySpace Peak

MySpace acquired by News Corp

YouTube

Launch of YouTube video platform

CSS Float and Clear

Float and clear become stable in CSS specification, largely supported; allows multi column and grid-like layout

SVG Support

SVG supported only in Firefox

2006

jQuery

Launch of jQuery for selecting DOM elements

Google Docs

Launch of Google Docs

Twitter

Launch of Twitter social platform

2007

Tumblr

Launch of Tumblr (uses Markdown)

First iPhone

Apple launches the first iPhone

Soundcloud

Launch of Soundcloud audio platform

Display inline-block

Display:inline-block property:value; flexible alternative to previous techniques: the element will flow like text but its width can be defined

2008

CSS3 Release

@font-face is supported in Safari3 and Firefox 3.5, enabling custom typeface embedding

PDF Open Standard

PDF is made an open standard by Adobe

Google Chrome

Launch of Google Chrome browser

Spotify

Launch of Spotify music platform

oEmbed

Launch of oEmbed specification

SVG in Safari

SVG supported in Safari 3.1

2009

CSS3 Media Queries

CSS3 official support for media-queries, @font-face (Firefox 3.5, Safari 3)

CSS Columns

Columns in CSS, with column-count and column-gap, allows a single HTML block to be divided into columns

Masonry

Launch of Masonry layout library

Launch of WhatsApp messaging platform

Bing

Microsoft launches Bing search engine

2010

Web Fonts Services

Launch of Google Fonts and Typekit

Responsive Web Design

Ethan Marcotte publishes Responsive Web Design for A List Apart

Launch of Pinterest (invite only, public in 2012)

Flash Support Dropped

Apple drops support for Flash

Instagram

Launch of Instagram photo sharing platform

SVG Browser Support

SVG supports in Internet Explorer and Google Chrome

Unicode supports Emojis

Unicode 6.0 starts supporting Emojis, leading their standardisation and current universal use.

2011

CSS Flexbox

CSS: Flexbox layout specification

Trello

Launch of Trello project management platform

WooCommerce

Launch of WooCommerce e-commerce platform

Siri

Apple launches Siri virtual assistant

Snapchat

Launch of Snapchat ephemeral messaging platform

Apple iOS 5 - the Emojis craze

Emojis become popular

2012

CSS Grid Layout

CSS: Grid layout specification

WOFF

Web Open Font Format becomes a W3C recommendation

Mobile Internet Growth

Mobile internet usage really grows

2015

Edge Browser

Microsoft launches Edge browser

2016

Notion

Launch of Notion.io

TikTok

Launch of TikTok (Douyin)

Mastodon

Launch of Mastodon social platform

2017

Flash End Announced

Adobe announces it's going to kill Flash

2018

WOFF 2.0

Release of WOFF 2.0 specification

2020

CSS Subgrid

CSS: subgrid (a grid in a grid)

Flash End

Adobe kills Flash

Variable Fonts

Variable fonts, and support in CSS

2023

CSS Aspect Ratio

CSS aspect-ratio (maintain consistant proportion for images and video across different screen sizes)

Twitter Rebranding

Twitter rebrands to X

Lexique

ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network - the precursor to the modern Internet, developed by the US Department of Defense. It was the first operational packet-switching network and the first network to implement TCP/IP.
browser
classifieds
CMS
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets - a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML. It defines how elements should be rendered on screen, on paper, or in other media.
database
DOM: Document Object Model - a programming interface for HTML and XML documents. It represents the page so that programs can change the document structure, style, and content.
DSLR
dynamic
Emojis
face
Flash
Float
font
Font
FTP: File Transfer Protocol - a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and server on a computer network.
homepage
HTML: HyperText Markup Language - the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.
HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol - the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. It's an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.
jQuery
Macromedia
Markdown: A lightweight markup language created by John Gruber, designed to be easily readable and writable, and easily converted to HTML.
Mozilla
MySQL
Netscape
Network
oEmbed
p2p
PDF: Portable Document Format - a file format developed by Adobe to present documents consistently across software platforms.
PHP
Protocol: a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.
Queries
registrar
Shell
specification
SSH: Secure Shell - a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network.
standard
SVG: Scalable Vector Graphics - an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity and animation.
SWF
TCP
track
Unicode: A universal character encoding standard that assigns a unique number to each character used in the world's major languages, making it possible for computers to process and display text from any language.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator - a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.
W3C: World Wide Web Consortium - the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web, founded by Tim Berners-Lee.
Wiki
WOFF: Web Open Font Format - a font format for use in web pages, developed by Mozilla in collaboration with Type Supply, LettError, and other organizations.
WordPress
XML